Fee collection and reinvestment — interest on interest
The APR formula
LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → yield is measured in APR (annual percentage rate). The formula is simple:
APR = (daily income × 365) / capital deployed × 100%
Example:
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Daily income | $5.95 |
| Capital deployed | $3,200 USDCUSDCA USD stablecoin issued by Circle. Regulated, audited monthly. Our primary stablecoin and loan asset in the Kamino/Aave strategies. |
| APR | (5.95 × 365) / 3,200 = 67.9% |
APR vs APY — what's the difference?
- APR = annual yield without reinvesting (simple)
- APY = annual yield with reinvesting (compounded)
67.9% APRAPRAnnual Percentage Rate — the annual interest rate WITHOUT compounding. 10% APR = +10% per year. with daily reinvesting = ~97% APYAPYAnnual Percentage Yield — the annual interest rate WITH compounding. Always higher than the equivalent APR.
The difference comes from "interest on interest" — reinvested money starts earning too.
Breakeven APR — the minimum threshold
Breakeven APR is the minimum LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → yield needed for the strategy to be profitable. Think of it as your reference point: as long as you are above it, fees cover the insurance and debt costs. Drop below it, and you simply narrow the range or move to a more active pool (the table below gives you a concrete action for every situation).
A breakeven analogy
Same idea as a business: if a shop's revenue does not cover rent and salaries, the business is losing money. LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → fees have to cover the insurance and debt costs.
Formula:
Breakeven APR = (daily insurance cost + daily debt cost) × 365 / LP capital × 100%
Calculation for Strategy B:
| Cost component | Per day | Source |
|---|---|---|
| OptionsOptionA financial contract that grants the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell at a set price. cost (theta) | −$3.25 | Insurance premium |
| Debt interest | −$0.77 | 4,704 × 0.06 / 365 |
| Total costs | −$4.02 | |
| LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → capital | $3,200 | |
| Breakeven APR | (4.02 × 365) / 3,200 = 45.9% |
Are we above breakeven?
| Metric | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Current LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → APRAPRAnnual Percentage Rate — the annual interest rate WITHOUT compounding. 10% APR = +10% per year. | 67.9% | |
| BreakevenBreakevenThe breakeven point — the price at which a position is neither profitable nor at a loss. APRAPRAnnual Percentage Rate — the annual interest rate WITHOUT compounding. 10% APR = +10% per year. | 45.9% | |
| Coverage ratio | 67.9 / 45.9 = 1.48x | Safe |
| Surplus | 22.0% APRAPRAnnual Percentage Rate — the annual interest rate WITHOUT compounding. 10% APR = +10% per year. above the minimum |
Coverage ratio — how to read it
| Coverage ratio | Assessment | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| >2.0x | Excellent | Reinvest the surplus |
| 1.5x – 2.0x | Good | Monitor, hold steady |
| 1.0x – 1.5x | Minimal | Consider adjusting the range |
| <1.0x | Losing money | Action needed! |
The weekly income-collection cycle
Every week, collect your income and allocate it:
- Collect LP fees — OrcaOrcaA Solana DEX with concentrated liquidity (Whirlpool). The basis of our LP strategy on the Solana network.Read the lesson →/MeteoraMeteoraA Solana DLMM (bin-based) liquidity protocol. An alternative to Orca, with dynamic fees.Read the lesson →: claim the accrued income (the SOLSOLSolana's native token. Used to pay gas and as collateral. and USDCUSDCA USD stablecoin issued by Circle. Regulated, audited monthly. Our primary stablecoin and loan asset in the Kamino/Aave strategies. portions)
- Convert the SOL portion to USDC (or keep it as SOLSOLSolana's native token. Used to pay gas and as collateral.) via Jupiter
- Allocate according to the plan:
- SOLSOLSolana's native token. Used to pay gas and as collateral. portion → extra collateral (lowers LTVLTVLoan-to-Value — the ratio of debt to collateral value. LTV 30% is considered safe. LTV 71%+ triggers liquidation.)
- USDCUSDCA USD stablecoin issued by Circle. Regulated, audited monthly. Our primary stablecoin and loan asset in the Kamino/Aave strategies. portion → the Insurance Vault (saved up for the next options roll)
- Surplus → extra collateral (compounding effect)
- Update your numbers in the DeFiDeFiDecentralized Finance — financial services without intermediaries, operating through smart contracts. Risk OS platform
- Check the alerts — is LTVLTVLoan-to-Value — the ratio of debt to collateral value. LTV 30% is considered safe. LTV 71%+ triggers liquidation., the range, and the expiry all still normal?
How to allocate the income
Say you collected $41.65 in a week ($5.95 × 7):
| Where it goes | Share | Amount | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| SOLSOLSolana's native token. Used to pay gas and as collateral. → CollateralCollateralThe asset you deposit in order to borrow. In DeFi this is typically crypto (SOL, ETH). | ~40% | ~$16.66 | Lowers LTVLTVLoan-to-Value — the ratio of debt to collateral value. LTV 30% is considered safe. LTV 71%+ triggers liquidation., increases safety |
| USDCUSDCA USD stablecoin issued by Circle. Regulated, audited monthly. Our primary stablecoin and loan asset in the Kamino/Aave strategies. → Insurance Vault | ~30% | ~$12.50 | Saved for the next options roll |
| Surplus → CollateralCollateralThe asset you deposit in order to borrow. In DeFi this is typically crypto (SOL, ETH). | ~30% | ~$12.50 | CompoundingCompoundingInterest on interest — reinvested earnings themselves start generating further returns.Read the lesson → effect |
| Total | 100% | $41.65 |
Why not put it all back into the LP?
Reinvesting 100% into the LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → would boost income, but it would also raise risk:
- Adding to collateral lowers LTVLTVLoan-to-Value — the ratio of debt to collateral value. LTV 30% is considered safe. LTV 71%+ triggers liquidation. → further from liquidation
- The Insurance Vault saves up for the next options roll → the hedge never lapses
- Only the surplus goes toward growth → a balanced strategy
This is not about maximizing profit — it is about safety.
The growth effect over time
Without reinvesting (income just piles up):
| Month | Accumulated | LP capital | APR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $178.50 | $3,200 | 67.9% |
| 6 | $1,071 | $3,200 | 67.9% |
| 12 | $2,172 | $3,200 | 67.9% |
With reinvesting (~30% of income → LP):
| Month | Accumulated | LP capital | Effective APR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $178.50 | $3,253 | 69.0% |
| 6 | $1,135 | $3,541 | 75.1% |
| 12 | $2,402 | $3,920 | 83.2% |
Effective APR — the income rate measured against the original $3,200 capital (the pool's APR stays at 67.9%; it is simply a larger capital base doing the work).
Difference over a year: +$230 extra from the growth effect.
Once you understand this cycle, you can turn your weekly income collection into a system that grows itself — you decide deliberately how much goes to safety and how much to growth, instead of guessing.
The 90-day insurance renewal cycle
Every 90 days the options hedge needs renewing. That is what the Insurance Vault is for:
Accumulation:
Weekly USDC → Vault: $12.50
Over 90 days: $12.50 × 13 = $162.50
Insurance renewal cost: ~$150–$200
Coverage: ~81%–108%
The Insurance Vault = your options budget
The Insurance Vault is a dedicated fund that builds up from LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → income and is used ONLY to buy options. It guarantees that the hedge never lapses.
If the Vault is full — the surplus goes to collateral. If the Vault is running low — increase the USDCUSDCA USD stablecoin issued by Circle. Regulated, audited monthly. Our primary stablecoin and loan asset in the Kamino/Aave strategies. share of your income.
What to watch on the platform
| Metric | What it calculates | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Carry | LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → income − insurance − debt | Is today profitable? |
| Coverage Ratio | LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → APRAPRAnnual Percentage Rate — the annual interest rate WITHOUT compounding. 10% APR = +10% per year. / BreakevenBreakevenThe breakeven point — the price at which a position is neither profitable nor at a loss. APRAPRAnnual Percentage Rate — the annual interest rate WITHOUT compounding. 10% APR = +10% per year. | Does income cover costs? |
| LTV | Debt / (CollateralCollateralThe asset you deposit in order to borrow. In DeFi this is typically crypto (SOL, ETH). × 0.90) | Is the loan safe? |
| Vault % | Vault / Next renewal cost | Enough saved for insurance? |
| Days to renewal | Until nearest option expiry − 30d | When to renew? |
| LP Range % | (Price − Lower) / (Upper − Lower) | Where is the price in the range? |
What happens when income drops?
LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson → income fluctuates — it depends on trading volume. That is not a surprise, it is a predictable variable: you have a prepared action for every market situation, so when volume drops you know exactly what to do:
| Market situation | Expected APR | Coverage | What to do |
|---|---|---|---|
| High activity (bull/bear market) | 70–100%+ | >1.5x | Reinvest more |
| Normal activity | 46–70% | 1.0–1.5x | Standard cycle |
| Low activity (quiet market) | 20–45% | <1.0x | Narrow the range |
| Minimal activity | <20% | <<1.0x | Close the LPLPLiquidity Provider — deposits tokens into a pool and earns a share of trading fees.Read the lesson →, wait for better conditions |
Module summary
In this module we learned:
Next module: Module 5 — OptionsOptionA financial contract that grants the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell at a set price.. We will start with the anatomy of an option and work up to the PutPutAn option type that grants the right to SELL at a set price. Used as insurance./CallCallAn option type that grants the right to BUY at the strike price. The opposite of a put. strategies that protect our portfolio.
The compound effect becomes real once you calculate it with actual market numbers. Takes about 10 minutes — paper, a calculator, and the Orca page.
All calculations here are on paper — we are not opening real positions. Always look up the fee APR live on the page, since it changes constantly.
This is learning, not investing — use only small amounts you treat as tuition.
You just calculated the breakeven APR and coverage ratio for your own position — for most investors these numbers stay some abstract idea, but you already have them under control.